Miniaturization of rectangular microstrip patch antenna using topology optimized metamaterial

A topology optimization method is proposed in this study to miniaturize a Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna (RMPA) operates at a frequency of 2.4 GHz using Metamaterials (MTMs) composed of complementary resonator. The metamaterial is placed in an intermediate layer between the patch and the ground, binary pixelation approach is used to build the structure of the complementary resonator and it is optimized using the Genetic Algorithm (GA). The conventional patch antenna and the proposed patch antenna are designed and simulated using High Frequency Electromagnetic Field Simulation (HFSS) software. A comparison between results of the two antennas is done. The area of the proposed patch antenna is reduced about 73.6% compared with the conventional patch antenna, and the return loss is improved from -18 dB to -35 dB.